CHRONOLOGY OF MUGHAL EMPIRE

BABUR ( 1526 - 1530 )

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT BABUR

• He is the founder of the Mughal Empire in India.

• His original name was Zahiruddin Muhammad.

• He was a descendant of Timur through his father’s side and Genghis Khan through  his  Mother’s side.

• In 1526, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat which marked the foundation of mughal empire in india .

• In 1527, Babur defeated Rana Sunga in the battle of  Khanwa.

• In 1528, Babur defeated Ranjit King Medini rai in the battle of  Chanderi.

• In 1529, Babur defeated Mahmud Lodi and sultan Nusrat Shah in the  Battle of  Ghagra.

•  He composed Tuzuk-i-Baburi , a Turkish translation of well known sufi work .

•  Two mosques were built by him one at kabulibagh , panipat and another in sambhal , Rohilkhand 

• In 1530, Babur died at Agra and his body was first laid at Arambagh in Agra   but was later taken to Kabul, where it was buried. 

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HUMAYUN ( 1530 - 1540 & 1555 - 1556 )

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT HUMAYUN

• He was the eldest son of babur .

• He was defeated by shershah suri in battle of chausa held in 1539.

• He was again defeated by shershah suri in battle of kannauj held in 1540.

• The period from 1540-1555 was a period of temporary eclipse for the mughals.

• After the lapse of 15 years Humayun defeated sikandar shah suri in battle of    sirhind and re-captured  the empire.

• He died by an accidental fall from the staircase on his library “Shermandal” at the pooranakwila in Delhi .

AKBAR ( 1506 - 1605 )

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT AKBAR

• He was born to Hamida Banu Begum at Amarkot in 1542.

• He was 14 year old when he was crowned at kalanaur in 1556. 

• He defeated Hemu in second battle of panipat and re-captured delhi and agra .

• He built Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur sikri to commerate his victory of Gujrat . 

• He abolished Jaziya and pilgrimage tax .

• He built Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur sikri to discuss religious matters.

• Ralph Fitch was the first Englishman to visit Akbar's court.

• He was died in 1605 and buried at Sikandara near Agra.

JAHANGIR ( 1605 - 1627 )

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT JAHANGIR

• He was the eldest son of Akbar .

• He assumed the title of Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir .

• His imperial name Jahangir means "conqueror of the world .

• Captain william Hawkins , a representative of East India Company visited Jahangir's court in 1608 .

• Pietxa Valle , a famous traveller came during his reign.

• He wrote his autobiography , Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri .

• He married to Mehrunisa , widow of  Sher Afghani and conferred the title of Nur Jahan to her .

SHAHJAHAN ( 1627 - 1658 )

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT SHAHJAHAN

• He was born to Jodhabai or Jagat Gosain in Lahore in 1592

• His real name was khurram.

• He was the the youngest prince to appointed as Governor of Deccan at the age of 15 .

• His reign was considered as the Golden age of the mughal empire .

• Two french travellers Bernier and Tavernier and the Italian travellers Nicolo Manucci visited during his reign 

•  He was imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb in Agra Fort and died in captivity in 1658 .

AURANGZEB ( 1618 - 1707 )

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT AURANGZEB

• He was third son of Shah Jahan , born in Ujjain . 

• He took the title of Alamgir .

• He was called a  Zinda Pir or the living saint .

• He compiled Fatwa-i-Alamgiri 

• He destroyed vishwanath temple of varanasi .

• He defeated shuja in battle of khanjawa in 1658 .

• He was died in 1707 and buried at Khuldabad ( Daulatabad ) .